Calosiphonia P.Crouan & H.Crouan, 1852
Holotype species: Calosiphonia finisterrae P.Crouan & H.Crouan
Currently accepted name for the type species: Calosiphonia vermicularis (J.Agardh) F.Schmitz
Original publication and holotype designation: [Crouan, P.L. & Crouan, H.M.] (1852). Algues marines du Finistère. Vol. 1-3 pp. Premier volume, Fucóïdees: 1 Apr 1852 (signed on p. [8]), p. [1]-[12], 1 -112 specimens with detailed labels, [vii, index]. Deuxième volume, Floridées: 1852, p. [1]-[12], 113-322, id., [iv-xi, index]. Troisième volume, Zoospermées: 1852, p. [l]-[8], 323-4. Brest: chez Crouans frères, pharmaciens.
Description: All vegetative cells are uninucleate. Supporting cells are monocarpogonial, the carpogonial branches capable of being interpreted as either 3-celled and borne on a supporting cell with a rudimentary vegetative branch on it, or as a 4-celled carpogonial branch, the basal cell of which bears a possible remnant of a second carpogonial branch. Fertilized carpogonia issue up to 3 connecting filaments and may or may not form a direct connection to the supporting cell. Gonimoblasts arise thallus-outwardly from a point on the auxiliary cell opposite the site of fusion with the connecting filament. Spermatangia occur in clusters on outer cortical cells. Carpospores may either germinate to form discs from which gametangial thalli arise directly, or may produce crusts that release cruciate tetrasporangia. The major anatomical study of the genus is that of J. Feldmann (1954), whereas life history observations have been made by Mayhoub (1973, 1975).
Information contributed by: G.T. Kraft. The most recent alteration to this page was made on 2017-01-23 by M.D. Guiry.
Taxonomic status: This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.
Most recent taxonomic treatment adopted: Schneider, C.W. & Wynne, M.J. (2007). A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half a century after Kylin's "Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen". Botanica Marina 50: 197-249.
Comments: Group contains uniaxial plants lacking secondary pit connections between vegetative cells and having generally soft, flaccid gametophytes of gelatinous texture. Plants are non-procarpic, the fertilized carpogonia producing lengthy, usually elaborately branched connecting filaments that fuse with intercalary auxiliary cells differentiating from inner cells of the cortical fascicles, the connecting filaments continuing growth after each fusion to effect further fusions to auxiliary cells. Cystocarps are fully embedded in the axes without surrounding filaments or pericarps. They are globular, composed almost entirely of carposporangia, and either arise from the auxiliary cells directly (Calosiphonia) or from sites on the connecting filaments at varying distances from the auxiliary cells (Schmitzia). Most species are monoecious, and isomorphic tetrasporophytes are unknown. When present, tetrasporophytes are diminutive crusts, although in some instances a free-living diploid phase appears to be absent from the life history. A group with some of the putatively most primitive of the red algae, based on the simplicity of construction, plasticity of vegetative and reproductive parts, lack of secondary pit connections, and almost complete lack of sterile cells in the carposporophyte. From this group came plants that formed the basis of a classic and beautifully illustrated work on fertilization and gonimoblast development in the Rhodophyta (Bornet and Thuret, 1876). Distribution: The type species is of infrequent and usually deep-water occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea, Brittany, and the southern British Isles. The second species, C. dalmatica (Kützing) DeToni, is known from Yugoslavia and Marseilles (Huve, 1970), but is even more rare.
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Contributors
Some of the descriptions included in AlgaeBase were originally from the unpublished Encyclopedia of Algal Genera,
organised in the 1990s by Dr Bruce Parker on behalf of the Phycological Society of America (PSA)
and intended to be published in CD format.
These AlgaeBase descriptions are now being continually updated, and each current contributor is identified above.
The PSA and AlgaeBase warmly acknowledge the generosity of all past and present contributors and particularly the work of Dr Parker.
Descriptions of chrysophyte genera were subsequently published in J. Kristiansen & H.R. Preisig (eds.). 2001. Encyclopedia of Chrysophyte Genera. Bibliotheca Phycologica 110: 1-260.
Linking to this page: https://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=32994
Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 23 January 2017. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org; searched on 22 November 2024
